The article shows the results of the study of composite materials obtained by the modification of mineral resources with active mineral components, which is the main direction in the production of new materials of high quality. In this work, binding materials were obtained on the basis of construction gypsum and carbonate drilling sludge, which is a retarder of the setting time as well. The physical and chemical properties, the structure of the system, and the phase influence of the modifier on the structure and hardening of the obtained new materials were investigated.