The paper presents the results of a study of the biological characteristics of productivity of various breeding and genetic forms of winter rye, presented by grades and district of the Saratov breeding. Significant varietal differences in development of individual morphological parameters of the shoot. The number of leaves of the main shoot per plant in winter rye agropopulations different varieties ranges from 6 to 9 units, stem length from 1249 to 1660 mm, length of ear, from 75 to 139 mm, number of spikelets of spike – from of 27.7 to 40.2; the number of grains ear – to 64.8 36.0 units.