The article presents the results of studying the dynamics of the formation of the root and above-ground mass of spring soft wheat, virgin and fallow cenoses under the conditions of 2012 and 2018. The dynamics of the placement of the root system of cultivated plants in the grain-pair crop rotation over the vegetation phases was revealed. It was shown that spring wheat forms the secondary root system during the growing season only in favorable meteorological conditions, mainly within the 0–50 cm layer (74%).