Biology

Evolutionary role of apomixis: S. S. Khokhlov’s hypothesis in the light of modern data

Authors: Yudakova O. I., Kaybeleva E. I.

In 1949 S. S. Khokhlov (one of the founders of the Russian scientifi c school on the problem of apomixes) proved the original conception of the progressive evolutionary role of apomixis. He contended that the basic direction of the reproductive system evolution in angiosperms is a gradual failure of sex reproduction and transition to apomixis. This hypothesis was heavily criticized and called a “scientist’s fantasy”. In the second half of the 20th century the discovery of recombination repair led to a reassessment of the role of meiosis in the evolution.

Communities of small mammals on the left bank of the Middle Ob

Authors: Starikov V. P., Bernikov K. A., Borodin A. V., Nakonechny N. V., Sarapultseva E. S., Petukhov V. A.

The purposeful studies of communities of small mammals (insectivores and rodents) on the left bank of the middle Ob within the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Ugra (Khanty-Mansiysk, Nefteyugansk, Surgut and Nizhnevartovsk districts) were carried out for the fi rst time from 2011 to 2020. Animal counts were carried out both in transformed and specially protected natural areas.

Morphometry and seed productivity of some representatives of the Lamiaceae family of a plot of medicinal plants of the Botanical Garden of the Orеnburg State University

Authors: Pikalova E. V.

Data on the study of morphometric parameters of medicinal plants such as Hyssopus offi cinalis L. and Nepeta pannonica L., which are part of the collection of medicinal plants of the Botanical Garden of the Orеnburg State University, are presented. It was found that the studied species successfully adapt to new growing conditions, since the parameters of morphometry vary within the medium to very high levels of variability. However, Nepeta pannonica L. is more plastic, since the values of the coeffi cients of variation of traits in this species are higher than in Hyssopus offi cinalis L.

Correlation analysis of traits characterizing the yield and product quality of representatives of the genus Allium (subgenus Cepa)

Authors: Ivanova M. I., Bukharov A. F., Kashleva A. I.

In the conditions of the Moscow region, 10 samples of representatives of the genus Allium L. were studied, including: A. altaicum Pall., A. fi stulosum L., A. galanthum Kar. & Kir., A. oschaninii O. Fedtsch., A. pskemense B. Fedtsch from the section Cepa (Mill.) Prokh.; A. altyncolicum N. Friesen, A. ledebourianumSchult. & Schult. f., A. oliganthum Kar. & Kir., A. schoenoprasum L. from the section Schoenoprasum Dum.; A. komarovianum Vved. from the section Sacculiferum P. P. Gritz.

Antagonistic activity of Bacillus velezensis

Authors: Basalaeva D. L., Nikelshparg M. I., Yevstigneyeva S. S., Glinskaya E. V.

A large number of synthetic pesticides have been developed to combat phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi, but their use is economically unprofi table and harms the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antagonistic properties of Bacillus velezensis HR13 bacteria in relation to cultures of phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi, as well as the ability to produce cyclic lipopeptides, which have antimicrobial activity. It is shown that strain B.

The characteristics of the elemental composition of the scots pine wood in accordance with the conditions of a growing site and a vegetation phase

Authors: Khokh A. N., Zvyagintsev V. B.

The formation of the elemental composition of plants is a dynamic process, which is aff ected by a large number of concurrent genetic and environmental factors, and their signifi cance varies according to the conditions and the state of the environment. The goal of the work was to study the characteristics of the accumulation of 8 chemical elements in Scots pine wood under the infl uence of seasonal and ecological variability. The objects of our research were old-growth forest stands on the territory of the Berezinsky Biosphere Reserve.

Some aspects of antimicrobial photodynamic eff ects

Authors: Tuchina E. S.

Antimicrobial phototherapy is an alternative method for combating clinically signifi cant microorganisms associated with lesions of the skin, mucous membranes of the oral cavity, respiratory, gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts. The method uses non-toxic dyes called photosensitizers, molecules that can be excited by harmless visible light to form reactive oxygen species. Numerous studies of the method in vitro and in vivo have demonstrated the destruction of microorganisms or a signifi cant reduction in their number.

Features of the species composition and structure of fish communities in small anthropogenic reservoirs with different content of dissolved mineral nitrogen

Authors: Kotegov B. G.

In 22 small anthropogenic reservoirs with an area of 0.4 to 62 ha located in the territory of the Udmurt Republic, individuals of different fish species were captured and water samples were taken in late spring for analysis of NO3 –, NO2 – and NH4 + content. In many reservoirs, concentrations of ammonium exceed the maximum permissible according to the fishing standards for water quality, and in some this is also the case with nitrites.

Economic and biological characteristics of the biotypical composition of spring wheat varieties

Authors: Brailova I. S., Yurieva N. I., Belousova Y. V.

The aim of this work is to study the component composition and intravarietal polymorphism of storage proteins of three soft and one hard varieties of spring wheat and their relationship with a complex of economically valuable traits. The studies were carried out in 2018–2020 by the department of genetics and immunity at the institute, in the conditions of the southeast of the Central Black Earth Region.

The structure of productivity elements of durum wheat varieties of Saratov selection

Authors: Hachaturov E. G., Korobko V. V.

The objects of the study were plants of 14 varieties of durum wheat Triticum durum Desf., permitted for use at different times in the period from 1975 to 2014. An analysis of the elements of ear productivity in durum wheat plants of Saratov varieties under the conditions of 2020 was carried out. The varietal features of the development of the spike of the main shoot were revealed according to a number of characteristics: the number of spikelets in a spike, the number of grains in an ear, the weight of a grain, the number of ungrained and grained spikelets.

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