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This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0).

ЭКОЛОГО-ФАУНИСТИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА АВИФАУНЫ СЕВЕРА НИЖНЕГО ПОВОЛЖЬЯ

На основании полевых исследований и анализа данных литературы за период с середины XIX в. до настоящего времени выявлена динамика распространения и численности более 300 видов птиц севера Нижнего Поволжья. Установлено, что основу современной гнездовой фауны птиц изучаемого региона составляют виды лимнофильной и дендрофильной экологических групп, но в количественном отношении по численности лидирующее положение принадлежит склерофильной группе.

ПОЛОВЫЕ РАЗЛИЧИЯ В РЕАКЦИЯХ СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТОЙ СИСТЕМЫ НА МОДУЛЯЦИЮ СИМПАТИЧЕСКОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ У НОРМАЛЬНЫХ И СТРЕССИРОВАННЫХ КРЫС

Изучались половые особенности в реакциях сердечно-сосудистой системы на фармакологическую активацию и торможение адренергических влияний в покое и при стрессе. Показано, что у нормальных и стрессированных самок кардиоваскулярная чувствительность к введению обзидана и адреналина значительно выше, чем у самцов.

ПОЛОВЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОГО ОБМЕНА У КРЫС В УСЛОВИЯХ ПОКОЯ И ОСТРОГО СТРЕССА

В статье рассматриваются вопросы, касающиеся возможных причин различной стресс-устойчивости самок и самцов. Было проведено измерение активности сукцинатдегидрогеназы, цитратсинтазы и АТФ-азы, полярографическое исследование дыхания на различных субстратах митохондрий самок и самцов в условиях покоя и острого стресса. Обнаружено, что острый стресс приводит к активации энергетического обмена в митохондриях.

РАЗВИТИЕ КАБИНЕТНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ ШКОЛЬНОМ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОМ ОБРАЗОВАНИИ

В статье освещается один из аспектов модернизации российского биологического образования - использование учебно-материальной базы обучения биологии. Приводятся экспериментальные данные по состоянию кабинетов биологии 100 школ Саратовской области. Авторы показывают пути развития кабинетов биологии на современном этапе.

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ ПОДХОДЫ, МЕТОДЫ И КРИТЕРИИ ОЦЕНКИ АДАПТИВНОСТИ РАСТЕНИЙ

В статье рассматриваются методы оценки пластичности, стабильности и гомеостатичности, обсуждается последовательность оценки экспериментального материала по адаптивным свойствам растений.

Differentiation of Yersinia pestis Strains of the Main Subspecies of Medieval Biovar by Real-Time PCR Method with Hybridization-Fluorescenсe Registration and SNP Typing

Authors: Balykova A. N., Nosov N. Y., Nikiforov K. A., Eroshenko G. A.

Methods of differentiation and identification of Yersinia pestis strains of medieval biovar by real-time PCR method with hybridization-fluorescent results’ registration and SNP typing method have been developed. Ninety-one Y. pestis strains of medieval biovar from the plague foci of Russia and other CIS countries, received from the State Collection of Pathogenic Bacteria at the Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”, were used in this work. The strains of medieval biovar are represented by four already known phylogenetic lines: 2.MED0, 2.MED1, 2.MED2, 2.MED3.

Characterization Surface Glycopolymers from Halophilic Gram-Negative Bacteria Chromohalobacter salexigens 1QL3 and Halomonas ventosae S5(2)

Authors: Ibrahim I. M., Rybal’chenko D. A., Fedonenko Y. P., Konnova S. A.

Extracellular and membrane polysaccharides of halophilic bacteria arouse the interest of researchers as promising biopolymers involved in adaptation and maintenance of normal physiology of microorganisms in saline environments that accompany many biotechnological processes. This work aimed at structural characteristic of surface glycopolymers of halophilic Gram-negative bacteria isolated from the salt samples of the lakes Qarun (Egypt) and Elton (Russia) – strains Chromohalobacter salexigens EG1QL3 and Halomonas ventosae RU5S2EL, respectively.

Possibility of Determination of Specific Activity of O-Ag in the Production of Cholera Chemical Vaccine by Dot-Analysis

Authors: Vorobyova S. A., Durakova O. S., Gromova O. V., Volokh O. A.

Cholera remains a global threat to public health. Even sporadic cases of importation of the infection cause significant socio-economic damage. In connection with the current situation, the development and improvement of modern safe chemical vaccines against cholera caused by V. cholerae O1 and O139 serogroups plays an important role in reducing the incidence, which is an important and promising direction of scientific research. 

Introduction to Culture in vitro of Corn Parthenogenetic Lines

Authors: Humood B. M., Apanasova N. V., Yudakova O. I.

Many modern selection technologies are based on the use of haploid plants as a starting material. The spontaneous frequency of haploid development is very low (0.01–0.1%). In this regard, the creation of plant forms with increased frequency of parthenogenesis is important. The collection of corn lines with an increased frequency of haploid plants in the progeny was created at the Department of Genetics of the Saratov State University. High costs are required for maintain of a plant collections in the field.

Analysis of the Systematic Appurtenance of Protozoa from the Soils of the Gorno-Altai High-mountain Plague Focus

Authors: Makashova M. A., Oglodin E. G., Nikiforov K. A., Sharapova N. A., Eroshenko G. A.

Characterization of the species composition of the dominant representatives of Protozoa in natural plague foci is important for the study of certain aspects of ecology and persistence mechanisms of Yersinia pestis. Determination of systematic belonging of amoebas isolated from the soils of the Gorno-Altai high-mountain plague focus in 2016 year was carried out by analyzing nucleotide sequences of ribosomal genes of these protozoans. The analyzed sequences of ribosomal genes were obtained by PCR with specific primers followed by sequencing of PCR products.

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis of Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate Accumulation by Azospirillum brasilense Cells at Various Cultivation Periods and Ammonium Concentrations in the Culture Medium

Authors: Parshina V. V., Dyatlova Y. A., Tugarova A. V.

Many bacteria, in response to unfavourable environmental conditions, can synthesise polyesters of the polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) class. These biopolymers, accumulating intracellularly in the form of granules, help the bacteria to cope with negative environments and are utilised as reserve sources of carbon and energy. Rhizobacteria of the species Azospirillum brasilense synthesise a single type of PHA, poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), in response to stress factors.

The Preliminary Ecological-Faunistic Data about Fungivorous Beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) of Saratov Province

Authors: Sazhnev A. S., Mironova A. A., Anikin V. V.

Until this article in the Saratov Province special studies of fungivorous beetles fauna of Coleoptera was carried out. The collection material was conducted by the authors in the spring and summer of 2017 with fruiting bodies of different species of xylotrophic Basidiomycetes of the families Polyporaceae and Fomitopsidaceae on the territory of 4 districts of the Saratov Province (Voskresenskiy, Khvalynskiy, Saratovskiy, Engelskiy). As a result, on 4 species of xylotrophic fungi were found 13 species of Coleoptera from 6 families.

Peculiarities of Oculomotor Activity in Students While Solving the Problems

Authors: Chebotok A. S., Zinchenko E. M.

Oculomotor activity is a necessary component of the human mental processes, thanks to which the acquisition, transformation and use of visual information takes place. Therefore, by registering and analyzing eye movements, we are able to access the hidden (internal) forms of activity that occur extremely quickly and unconsciously. Thanks to the appearance in Russia of modern trainees, interest in the oculomotor theme has now increased significantly. In this paper, the results of the study of oculomotor activity (OMA) of students in solving logical problems are presented.

Exopolysaccharide-Producing Halophilic and Halotolerant Microorganisms Isolated from the Saline Lakes Qarun (Egypt) and Elton (Russia)

Authors: Ibrahim I. M., Konnova S. A., Fedonenko Y. P., Safronova V. I., Sigida E. N., Elbanna K.

Microorganisms inhabiting saline environments can produce compounds unique in structure and properties. This ability recently prompted researchers to study the biotechnological potential of halophiles. This work aimed at screening the exopolysaccharideproducing halophilic and halotolerant microorganisms of two saline lakes, one in in Egypt and the other in Russia. For strain isolation and characterization, we used microbiological and physico-chemical methods, as well as light and transmission electron microscopy.

Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Increases Cerebral Blood Flow, Tissue Oxygenation and Improves Neurological Functions in Intact Mice and in the Late Posttraumatic Period of Traumatic Brain Injury

Authors: Bragina O. A., Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya O. V., Bragin D. E.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health problem that causes long term neurological deficit in the majority of patients and does not have any clinically proved effective treatment. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is an emerging electroceutical therapy suggested for TBI rehabilitation. However, optimal parameters of stimulation and mechanisms of action are not determined due to lack of preclinical studies, impeding its clinical implementation.

On the Contribution of Cell Aggregation and Extracellular DNA to Biofilm Formation and Stabilization in Azospirillum brasilense Bacteria

Authors: Filip’echeva Y. A., Telesheva E. M., Yevstigneyeva S. S., Shelud’ko A. V., Ponomareva E. G., Ponomareva E. G., Katsy E. I.

Little is known about the functions of the principal matrix components and about the role of cell surface structures in the formation and stabilization of Azospirillum biofilms. It is known that as compared with A. brasilense strain Sp245, its flhB1, fabG1, and mmsB1 mutants, defective in flagellar assembly, form biofilms less well. We made comparative study of bacterial aggregation, biofilm formation, and the effect of DNAase on biofilms.

The Functional State of Systemic Hemodynamics Russian and Foreign Students at Orthostasis

Authors: Sevryukova G. A., Nastinova G. E., Tovmasian L. A., Sevriukova P. L.

This work is devoted to the comparative analysis of the functional state of systemic hemodynamics in Russian and foreign students depending on the localization of the transition zone in the chest leads of ECG during the active orthostatic test. Having assessed physical development, we measured the parameters of arterial pressure and ECG using the module «Electrocardiogram» APK «Valenta». The prevalence of asthenic type of physique in foreign students against the deficiency of physical development determines the vertical position of the heart.

Influence of the Cultivation Temperature on Morphometric and Functional Indices of Growth Triticum durum L.

Authors: Korobko V. V., Shevlyagina О. F.

The object of the study was sprouts of durum wheat Triticum durum L. Cultivation was carried out at a temperature of 15 ± 1°C and 20 ± 2°C. To study the influence of the temperature factor on the development of the photosynthetic apparatus, the quantitative content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids was determined. Some varieties, when subjected to a change in the temperature of cultivation, respond with a change in the indices determining their stress tolerance, namely the ratio of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, carotenoids and chlorophylls.

Epiphytic Lichens of Natural Park “Kumysnaya Polyana”

Authors: Kozyreva E. A., Boldyrev V. A.

The article provides information about the epiphytic lichen flora of the Natural Park “Kumysnaya Polyana” (NP), which is located in Saratov. It is a regional SPNA (Special Protected Natural Area). The researches were conducted in forest communities of NP in 2011–2016. Standard techniques were used in the collection and identification of lichens. An index of species specificity of lichens for forophytes was calculated. An annotated list consists of 37 species and includes the information about their preferential forophytes.

Optimization of Photodynamic Effects on Permeability of Cerebral Vessels

Authors: Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya O. V., Shirokov A. A., Novolokin N. A., Terskov A. V., Bodrova A. A., Shushunova N. A., Khorovodov A. P., Ulanova M. V., Agranovich I. M., Iskra T. D., Mamedova A. T.

Photodynamic treatment (PDT) causes a significant increase in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in healthy mice. Using different doses of laser radiation (635 nm, 10–40 J/cm2 ) and photosensitizer (5-aminolevulinic acid – 5-ALA, i.v.), we found the optimal PDT for the reversible opening of the BBB, exhibiting brain tissue recovery 3 days after PDT. Further increases in the laser radiation or 5-ALA doses have no amplifying effect on the BBB permeability, but are associated with severe damage of brain tissues.

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